, and in vitro fertilization
development of science and technology make “test-tube baby” became a reality, this is the crystallization of the medical workers have worked hard in recent years. In this 20 years ago seemed impossible things, but now “test-tube baby” for the world to know, and the discovery and application of new technology is growing rapidly.
low temperature freezing is used to store the sperm has many years of history, in recent years been frozen embryos. Another major breakthrough was successfully frozen and melted unfertilized human eggs. In July 1986 in Australia Adelaide born from frozen eggs after fertilization develop into a pair of twins. Egg freezing at-196 degrees centigrade, lives in “exile” in quiet sleep, this means that when hormone stimulation produced more eggs, not when transplanted back into the womb, you can direct the remaining eggs frozen or fertilized eggs and then frozen, prepared for the future. Frozen egg instead of embryos, some ethical issues can be avoided. For some couples that embryo is already a little life, while unfertilized eggs is another matter.
some medical centers using donor sperm for IVF or GIFT, to make up for no or insufficient gene defects in her husband’s sperm, and for women who cannot produce eggs or carry genetic defects, can also be used for egg eggs with the sperm of her husband, and make these wife pregnant, get half the parental origin of babies. Further, if the parents cannot produce gametes, you can get a donation of the embryo, implantation of mother’s womb, so that they can enjoy parenting family relationships.
frozen sperm, embryos and eggs, you can simplify the process of IVF, you can select the recipients to the best period of the menstrual cycle, and then use these store donated sperm, eggs or egg, you don’t have to use hormone therapy, so that recipients of menstrual cycle and simultaneous development of fertilized eggs.
another way to get donated embryos from fallopian tube will be fertilized eggs “flush”, which is in fertilized eggs move from the fallopian tube to the uterus, not prior to implantation, saline solution or other liquids to be fertilized eggs developed from the uterus, and then transplanted to menstrual cycles synchronize with fertilized eggs (by hormone treatment) of women.
II, genes controlling
currently there are prenatal genetic detection methods, such as blood tests, such as Amniocentesis and chorionic biopsy. If fetal chromosomal defects or developmental problems are found, you can achieve the purpose of birth control by the termination of pregnancy.
if you can determine the sex of embryos before embryo implantation, for those who carry of sex-linked genetic diseases of the parents can choose a male or a female embryo implantation. In 1987, one United Kingdom researchers have announced that he has invented a sperm carries the x or y chromosome technology, this method of separation of different chromosomes in sperm for artificial insemination, IVF or GIFT. Use this technology you can sex selection to avoid genetic defects.
if you use the egg or sperm donation, couples should be allowed to choose their genetic background of hope. Artificial insemination, have already done to some degree, for example on the race and body characteristics as close as possible to the recipient. In the Western States sperm banks list the donor’s physical status and other characteristics, such as occupation, interests, aptitudes, hair color, height, appearance, and so on.
for further research on embryos, will one day allow scientists and technicians to change the genetic code of embryos, which would have infinite value. For example, if it is possible modify the gene structure, some genetic diseases will not happen again.
and clone (asexual reproduction)
of course the ultimate goal of cloning gene modified. This is a favorite subject of science fiction. Biologists have . been able to clone a frog, and modifying the genetic code of the mouse embryo. Fantasy with a genetic code of adult cells to replace one embryo genetic code, so that you can create a second copy of the adults exactly the same person. Currently this is only for human reproductive science fantasy. Now, however, had one animal embryo cell may be cut into two halves, each half under certain conditions can continue development, becoming identical double.
, four in vitro growth
development of scientific and medical research are likely to have a real “test-tube babies”, that is, their pregnancy occurs in the laboratory, and does not need to arrive in the uterus of a person? This is the ultimate goal of scientists. This does not rely on the uterus and the maintenance of a reproductive way like the embryonic development of modern agriculture does not require soil as cultivated plants. In vitro development methods cannot be derived from embryo research. Since most of the State’s legal limit would only make IVF embryos alive 14 days left. Now another way is to make the study of fetal gestational age less survived, with the development of science and technology, may one day allow “incubating” fetus, it is impossible, because of placental function could not be copied, not only does it by fetal umbilical cord nutrition and discharges of wastes generated in the process of fetal development.
establishment of artificial placenta is key to solving this problem. By then, of course, if infertility is not an issue, some couples can still follow “traditional ways” to get their children. And those who do not want to be “nine months” suffering couples, you can cultivate their children “fetal care center”.
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